diff --git a/web/backend/api/gateway.go b/web/backend/api/gateway.go
index 606c8351..67b05523 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/gateway.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/gateway.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -10,7 +11,9 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
+	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -431,6 +434,10 @@ func computeConfigSignature(cfg *config.Config) string {
 	}
 	if cfg.Tools.Web.Enabled {
 		toolSignatures = append(toolSignatures, "web")
+		webConfig, err := json.Marshal(canonicalizeSignatureValue(reflect.ValueOf(cfg.Tools.Web)))
+		if err == nil {
+			parts = append(parts, "webcfg:"+string(webConfig))
+		}
 	}
 	if cfg.Tools.WebFetch.Enabled {
 		toolSignatures = append(toolSignatures, "web_fetch")
@@ -474,9 +481,175 @@ func computeConfigSignature(cfg *config.Config) string {
 	if len(toolSignatures) > 0 {
 		parts = append(parts, "tools:"+strings.Join(toolSignatures, ","))
 	}
+	channelSignatures := computeChannelSignatures(cfg.Channels)
+	if len(channelSignatures) > 0 {
+		parts = append(parts, "channels:"+strings.Join(channelSignatures, ","))
+	}
 	return strings.Join(parts, ";")
 }
 
+func computeChannelSignatures(channels config.ChannelsConfig) []string {
+	if len(channels) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(channels))
+	for name := range channels {
+		keys = append(keys, name)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+
+	signatures := make([]string, 0, len(keys))
+	for _, name := range keys {
+		channel := channels[name]
+		if channel == nil {
+			signatures = append(signatures, name+":<nil>")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		payload := struct {
+			Enabled            bool                       `json:"enabled"`
+			Type               string                     `json:"type"`
+			AllowFrom          config.FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from,omitempty"`
+			ReasoningChannelID string                     `json:"reasoning_channel_id,omitempty"`
+			GroupTrigger       config.GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
+			Typing             config.TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
+			Placeholder        config.PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
+			Settings           json.RawMessage            `json:"settings,omitempty"`
+		}{
+			Enabled:            channel.Enabled,
+			Type:               channel.Type,
+			AllowFrom:          channel.AllowFrom,
+			ReasoningChannelID: channel.ReasoningChannelID,
+			GroupTrigger:       channel.GroupTrigger,
+			Typing:             channel.Typing,
+			Placeholder:        channel.Placeholder,
+			Settings:           normalizeChannelSettings(channel),
+		}
+
+		encoded, err := json.Marshal(payload)
+		if err != nil {
+			signatures = append(signatures, name+":<invalid>")
+			continue
+		}
+		signatures = append(signatures, name+":"+string(encoded))
+	}
+
+	return signatures
+}
+
+func normalizeChannelSettings(channel *config.Channel) json.RawMessage {
+	if channel == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	decoded, err := channel.GetDecoded()
+	if err == nil && decoded != nil {
+		normalized, err := json.Marshal(canonicalizeSignatureValue(reflect.ValueOf(decoded)))
+		if err == nil {
+			return normalized
+		}
+	}
+
+	return normalizeRawJSON(channel.Settings)
+}
+
+func normalizeRawJSON(raw config.RawNode) json.RawMessage {
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var value any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &value); err != nil {
+		return bytes.TrimSpace(raw)
+	}
+
+	normalized, err := json.Marshal(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		return bytes.TrimSpace(raw)
+	}
+	return normalized
+}
+
+func canonicalizeSignatureValue(value reflect.Value) any {
+	if !value.IsValid() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if value.CanInterface() {
+		switch typed := value.Interface().(type) {
+		case config.SecureString:
+			return typed.String()
+		case *config.SecureString:
+			if typed == nil {
+				return ""
+			}
+			return typed.String()
+		case config.SecureStrings:
+			return typed.Values()
+		case *config.SecureStrings:
+			if typed == nil {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return typed.Values()
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch value.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Interface, reflect.Pointer:
+		if value.IsNil() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return canonicalizeSignatureValue(value.Elem())
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		result := make(map[string]any)
+		valueType := value.Type()
+		for i := 0; i < value.NumField(); i++ {
+			field := valueType.Field(i)
+			if field.PkgPath != "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			tag := field.Tag.Get("json")
+			name := field.Name
+			if tag != "" {
+				if comma := strings.Index(tag, ","); comma >= 0 {
+					tag = tag[:comma]
+				}
+				if tag == "-" {
+					continue
+				}
+				if tag != "" {
+					name = tag
+				}
+			}
+			result[name] = canonicalizeSignatureValue(value.Field(i))
+		}
+		return result
+	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
+		length := value.Len()
+		result := make([]any, 0, length)
+		for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
+			result = append(result, canonicalizeSignatureValue(value.Index(i)))
+		}
+		return result
+	case reflect.Map:
+		if value.Type().Key().Kind() != reflect.String {
+			return value.Interface()
+		}
+		result := make(map[string]any, value.Len())
+		iter := value.MapRange()
+		for iter.Next() {
+			result[iter.Key().String()] = canonicalizeSignatureValue(iter.Value())
+		}
+		return result
+	default:
+		if value.CanInterface() {
+			return value.Interface()
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 func gatewayRestartRequiredBySignature(bootSignature, currentSignature, gatewayStatus string) bool {
 	if gatewayStatus != "running" {
 		return false
@@ -742,6 +915,11 @@ func (h *Handler) startGatewayLocked(initialStatus string, existingPid int) (int
 	// Already holding gateway.mu from caller.
 	if changed {
 		refreshPicoTokensLocked(h.configPath)
+		cfg, err = config.LoadConfig(h.configPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to reload config after ensuring pico channel: %w", err)
+		}
+		defaultModelName = strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName())
 	}
 
 	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
diff --git a/web/backend/api/gateway_test.go b/web/backend/api/gateway_test.go
index 998ed331..1d935297 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/gateway_test.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/gateway_test.go
@@ -286,6 +286,61 @@ func TestStartGatewayLocked_ForwardsWildcardHostForPublicLauncher(t *testing.T)
 	}
 }
 
+func TestStartGatewayLocked_UsesReloadedConfigForBootSignature(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("sleep command differs on Windows")
+	}
+
+	resetGatewayTestState(t)
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	delete(cfg.Channels, "pico")
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	h.SetServerOptions(18800, false, false, nil)
+	gatewayExecCommand = func(_ string, _ ...string) *exec.Cmd {
+		return exec.Command("sleep", "30")
+	}
+
+	originalSignature := computeConfigSignature(cfg)
+	pid, err := h.startGatewayLocked("starting", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("startGatewayLocked() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if pid <= 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("startGatewayLocked() pid = %d, want > 0", pid)
+	}
+
+	gateway.mu.Lock()
+	cmd := gateway.cmd
+	bootSignature := gateway.bootConfigSignature
+	gateway.mu.Unlock()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if cmd != nil && cmd.Process != nil {
+			_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+		}
+		if cmd != nil {
+			_ = cmd.Wait()
+		}
+	})
+
+	updatedCfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	expectedSignature := computeConfigSignature(updatedCfg)
+	if expectedSignature == originalSignature {
+		t.Fatal("expected EnsurePicoChannel() to change the config signature during gateway start")
+	}
+	if bootSignature != expectedSignature {
+		t.Fatalf("bootConfigSignature = %q, want %q", bootSignature, expectedSignature)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestGatewayStartReady_NoDefaultModel(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	h := NewHandler(configPath)
@@ -1108,6 +1163,136 @@ func TestGatewayStatusRequiresRestartAfterToolChange(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestGatewayStatusRequiresRestartAfterChannelChange(t *testing.T) {
+	resetGatewayTestState(t)
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName
+	cfg.ModelList[0].SetAPIKey("test-key")
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	h.RegisterRoutes(mux)
+
+	process, err := os.FindProcess(os.Getpid())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("FindProcess() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	bootSignature := computeConfigSignature(cfg)
+	gateway.mu.Lock()
+	gateway.cmd = &exec.Cmd{Process: process}
+	gateway.bootDefaultModel = cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName
+	gateway.bootConfigSignature = bootSignature
+	setGatewayRuntimeStatusLocked("running")
+	gateway.mu.Unlock()
+
+	updatedCfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	telegram := updatedCfg.Channels.Get("telegram")
+	if telegram == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected default telegram channel config")
+	}
+	telegram.Enabled = !telegram.Enabled
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, updatedCfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	gatewayHealthGet = func(string, time.Duration) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return mockGatewayHealthResponse(http.StatusOK, os.Getpid()), nil
+	}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/gateway/status", nil)
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d", rec.Code, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+
+	var body map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal response: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := body["gateway_status"]; got != "running" {
+		t.Fatalf("gateway_status = %#v, want %q", got, "running")
+	}
+	if got := body["gateway_restart_required"]; got != true {
+		t.Fatalf("gateway_restart_required = %#v, want true", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGatewayStatusRequiresRestartAfterWebSearchConfigChange(t *testing.T) {
+	resetGatewayTestState(t)
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName
+	cfg.ModelList[0].SetAPIKey("test-key")
+	cfg.Tools.Web.Enabled = true
+	cfg.Tools.Web.Provider = "sogou"
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	h.RegisterRoutes(mux)
+
+	process, err := os.FindProcess(os.Getpid())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("FindProcess() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	bootSignature := computeConfigSignature(cfg)
+	gateway.mu.Lock()
+	gateway.cmd = &exec.Cmd{Process: process}
+	gateway.bootDefaultModel = cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName
+	gateway.bootConfigSignature = bootSignature
+	setGatewayRuntimeStatusLocked("running")
+	gateway.mu.Unlock()
+
+	updatedCfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	updatedCfg.Tools.Web.Provider = "duckduckgo"
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, updatedCfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	gatewayHealthGet = func(string, time.Duration) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return mockGatewayHealthResponse(http.StatusOK, os.Getpid()), nil
+	}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/gateway/status", nil)
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d", rec.Code, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+
+	var body map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal response: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := body["gateway_status"]; got != "running" {
+		t.Fatalf("gateway_status = %#v, want %q", got, "running")
+	}
+	if got := body["gateway_restart_required"]; got != true {
+		t.Fatalf("gateway_restart_required = %#v, want true", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestGatewayStatusNoRestartRequiredForNonSensitiveChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	resetGatewayTestState(t)
 
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/tools-page.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/tools-page.tsx
index 7d2d0fac..c221f911 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/tools-page.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/tools-page.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { useLayoutEffect, useRef } from "react"
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
+
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header"
 
 import { ToolLibraryTab } from "./tool-library-tab"
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ export function ToolsPage() {
     isToolsLoading,
     isWebSearchLoading,
     isWebSearchSaving,
+    isWebSearchDirty,
     setActiveTab,
     setSearchQuery,
     setStatusFilter,
@@ -72,6 +74,7 @@ export function ToolsPage() {
               isLoading={isWebSearchLoading}
               hasError={hasWebSearchError}
               isSaving={isWebSearchSaving}
+              isDirty={isWebSearchDirty}
               onSave={saveWebSearchConfig}
               onToggleProviderExpand={toggleExpandedProvider}
               onUpdateDraft={updateWebSearchDraft}
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/use-tools-page.ts b/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/use-tools-page.ts
index 07f9d50d..ecc433b0 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/use-tools-page.ts
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/use-tools-page.ts
@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
 
 import {
+  type WebSearchConfigResponse,
   getTools,
   getWebSearchConfig,
   setToolEnabled,
   updateWebSearchConfig,
-  type WebSearchConfigResponse,
 } from "@/api/tools"
+import { showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast } from "@/lib/restart-required"
 import { refreshGatewayState } from "@/store/gateway"
 
 import type { GroupedTools, ToolStatusFilter, ToolsPageTab } from "./types"
@@ -35,24 +36,38 @@ export function useToolsPage() {
     queryFn: getWebSearchConfig,
   })
 
-  const tools = useMemo(() => toolsQuery.data?.tools ?? [], [toolsQuery.data?.tools])
+  const tools = useMemo(
+    () => toolsQuery.data?.tools ?? [],
+    [toolsQuery.data?.tools],
+  )
   const normalizedSearchQuery = deferredSearchQuery.trim().toLowerCase()
   const webSearchDraft = webSearchDraftOverride ?? webSearchQuery.data ?? null
+  const isWebSearchDirty = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!webSearchDraft || !webSearchQuery.data) {
+      return false
+    }
+    return (
+      JSON.stringify(webSearchDraft) !== JSON.stringify(webSearchQuery.data)
+    )
+  }, [webSearchDraft, webSearchQuery.data])
 
   const toggleToolMutation = useMutation({
     mutationFn: async ({ name, enabled }: { name: string; enabled: boolean }) =>
       setToolEnabled(name, enabled),
-    onSuccess: (_, variables) => {
-      toast.success(
+    onSuccess: async (_, variables) => {
+      const gateway = await refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
+      showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast(
+        t,
         variables.enabled
           ? t("pages.agent.tools.enable_success", "Tool enabled successfully")
           : t(
               "pages.agent.tools.disable_success",
               "Tool disabled successfully",
             ),
+        t("navigation.tools", "Tools"),
+        gateway?.restartRequired === true,
       )
       void queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["tools"] })
-      void refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
     },
     onError: (error) => {
       toast.error(
@@ -65,20 +80,23 @@ export function useToolsPage() {
 
   const saveWebSearchMutation = useMutation({
     mutationFn: updateWebSearchConfig,
-    onSuccess: (updatedConfig) => {
+    onSuccess: async (updatedConfig) => {
       queryClient.setQueryData(["tools", "web-search-config"], updatedConfig)
       setWebSearchDraftOverride(null)
-      toast.success(
+      const gateway = await refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
+      showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast(
+        t,
         t(
           "pages.agent.tools.web_search.save_success",
           "Settings saved successfully",
         ),
+        t("pages.agent.tools.web_search.title", "Web Search Configuration"),
+        gateway?.restartRequired === true,
       )
       void queryClient.invalidateQueries({
         queryKey: ["tools", "web-search-config"],
       })
       void queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["tools"] })
-      void refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
     },
     onError: (error) => {
       toast.error(
@@ -105,7 +123,9 @@ export function useToolsPage() {
       }
 
       if (normalizedSearchQuery) {
-        const matchesName = tool.name.toLowerCase().includes(normalizedSearchQuery)
+        const matchesName = tool.name
+          .toLowerCase()
+          .includes(normalizedSearchQuery)
         const matchesDescription = (tool.description || "")
           .toLowerCase()
           .includes(normalizedSearchQuery)
@@ -177,6 +197,7 @@ export function useToolsPage() {
     isToolsLoading: toolsQuery.isLoading,
     isWebSearchLoading: webSearchQuery.isLoading,
     isWebSearchSaving: saveWebSearchMutation.isPending,
+    isWebSearchDirty,
     setActiveTab,
     setSearchQuery,
     setStatusFilter,
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/web-search-tab.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/web-search-tab.tsx
index b3f9d075..866e0f27 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/web-search-tab.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/agent/tools/web-search-tab.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
 
 import type { WebSearchConfigResponse } from "@/api/tools"
+import { ConfigChangeNotice } from "@/components/config-change-notice"
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
 import { Skeleton } from "@/components/ui/skeleton"
 
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ interface WebSearchTabProps {
   isLoading: boolean
   hasError: boolean
   isSaving: boolean
+  isDirty: boolean
   onSave: () => void
   onToggleProviderExpand: (providerId: string) => void
   onUpdateDraft: WebSearchDraftUpdater
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ export function WebSearchTab({
   isLoading,
   hasError,
   isSaving,
+  isDirty,
   onSave,
   onToggleProviderExpand,
   onUpdateDraft,
@@ -66,13 +69,21 @@ export function WebSearchTab({
 
             <Button
               onClick={onSave}
-              disabled={isSaving}
+              disabled={!isDirty || isSaving}
               className="h-10 shrink-0 rounded-xl px-6 shadow-sm transition-all active:scale-95"
             >
               {t("pages.agent.tools.web_search.save", "Save Changes")}
             </Button>
           </div>
 
+          {isDirty && (
+            <ConfigChangeNotice
+              kind="save"
+              title={t("common.saveChangesTitle")}
+              description={t("pages.agent.tools.web_search.unsaved_prompt")}
+            />
+          )}
+
           <div className="space-y-10">
             <WebSearchGeneralSettings
               draft={draft}
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-config-page.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-config-page.tsx
index f6609e3b..d253980f 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-config-page.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-config-page.tsx
@@ -28,10 +28,12 @@ import { SlackForm } from "@/components/channels/channel-forms/slack-form"
 import { TelegramForm } from "@/components/channels/channel-forms/telegram-form"
 import { WecomForm } from "@/components/channels/channel-forms/wecom-form"
 import { WeixinForm } from "@/components/channels/channel-forms/weixin-form"
+import { ConfigChangeNotice } from "@/components/config-change-notice"
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header"
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
 import { Switch } from "@/components/ui/switch"
 import { useGateway } from "@/hooks/use-gateway"
+import { showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast } from "@/lib/restart-required"
 import { refreshGatewayState } from "@/store/gateway"
 
 interface ChannelConfigPageProps {
@@ -296,21 +298,34 @@ export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
   const [enabled, setEnabled] = useState(false)
   const [arrayFieldResetVersion, setArrayFieldResetVersion] = useState(0)
   const arrayFieldFlushersRef = useRef(new Map<string, ArrayFieldFlusher>())
+  const loadRequestIdRef = useRef(0)
+
+  const resetPageState = useCallback(() => {
+    arrayFieldFlushersRef.current.clear()
+    setChannel(null)
+    setBaseConfig({})
+    setEditConfig({})
+    setConfiguredSecrets([])
+    setEnabled(false)
+    setFetchError("")
+    setServerError("")
+    setFieldErrors({})
+    setArrayFieldResetVersion((version) => version + 1)
+  }, [])
 
   const loadData = useCallback(
     async (silent = false) => {
+      const requestId = loadRequestIdRef.current + 1
+      loadRequestIdRef.current = requestId
       if (!silent) setLoading(true)
       try {
         const catalog = await getChannelsCatalog()
+        if (loadRequestIdRef.current !== requestId) return
         const matched =
           catalog.channels.find((item) => item.name === channelName) ?? null
 
         if (!matched) {
-          setChannel(null)
-          setBaseConfig({})
-          setEditConfig({})
-          setConfiguredSecrets([])
-          setEnabled(false)
+          resetPageState()
           setFetchError(
             t("channels.page.notFound", {
               name: channelName,
@@ -320,6 +335,7 @@ export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
         }
 
         const channelConfig = await getChannelConfig(channelName)
+        if (loadRequestIdRef.current !== requestId) return
         const raw = asRecord(channelConfig.config)
         const normalized = normalizeConfig(matched, raw)
 
@@ -332,18 +348,23 @@ export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
         setServerError("")
         setFieldErrors({})
       } catch (e) {
+        if (loadRequestIdRef.current !== requestId) return
         setConfiguredSecrets([])
         setFetchError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("channels.loadError"))
       } finally {
-        if (!silent) setLoading(false)
+        if (!silent && loadRequestIdRef.current === requestId) {
+          setLoading(false)
+        }
       }
     },
-    [channelName, t],
+    [channelName, resetPageState, t],
   )
 
   useEffect(() => {
+    resetPageState()
+    setLoading(true)
     loadData()
-  }, [loadData])
+  }, [loadData, resetPageState])
 
   const previousGatewayStatusRef = useRef(gatewayState)
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -359,6 +380,17 @@ export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
     return isConfigured(channel, editConfig, configuredSecrets)
   }, [channel, configuredSecrets, editConfig])
 
+  const isDirty = useMemo(() => {
+    if (loading || !channel || channel.name !== channelName) return false
+    const basePayload = buildSavePayload(
+      channel,
+      buildEditConfig(channel.name, baseConfig),
+      asBool(baseConfig.enabled),
+    )
+    const currentPayload = buildSavePayload(channel, editConfig, enabled)
+    return JSON.stringify(basePayload) !== JSON.stringify(currentPayload)
+  }, [baseConfig, channel, channelName, editConfig, enabled, loading])
+
   const docsUrl = useMemo(() => {
     if (!channel) return ""
     if (CHANNELS_WITHOUT_DOCS.has(channel.name)) return ""
@@ -479,6 +511,13 @@ export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
         },
       })
       await loadData()
+      const gateway = await refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
+      showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast(
+        t,
+        t("channels.page.saveSuccess"),
+        channelDisplayName,
+        gateway?.restartRequired === true,
+      )
     } catch (e) {
       const message =
         e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("channels.page.saveError")
@@ -674,11 +713,23 @@ export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
               <p className="text-destructive text-sm">{serverError}</p>
             )}
 
+            {isDirty && (
+              <ConfigChangeNotice
+                kind="save"
+                title={t("common.saveChangesTitle")}
+                description={t("channels.page.savePrompt")}
+              />
+            )}
+
             <div className="border-border/60 flex justify-end gap-2 border-t py-4">
-              <Button variant="outline" onClick={handleReset} disabled={saving}>
+              <Button
+                variant="outline"
+                onClick={handleReset}
+                disabled={!isDirty || saving}
+              >
                 {t("common.reset")}
               </Button>
-              <Button onClick={handleSave} disabled={saving}>
+              <Button onClick={handleSave} disabled={!isDirty || saving}>
                 {saving ? t("common.saving") : t("common.save")}
               </Button>
             </div>
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/config-change-notice.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/config-change-notice.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27e5eed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/config-change-notice.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import {
+  IconAlertCircle,
+  IconDeviceFloppy,
+  IconRefresh,
+} from "@tabler/icons-react"
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/utils"
+
+interface ConfigChangeNoticeProps {
+  kind: "save" | "restart"
+  title: string
+  description?: string
+  className?: string
+}
+
+export function ConfigChangeNotice({
+  kind,
+  title,
+  description,
+  className,
+}: ConfigChangeNoticeProps) {
+  const Icon =
+    kind === "restart"
+      ? IconRefresh
+      : kind === "save"
+        ? IconDeviceFloppy
+        : IconAlertCircle
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={cn(
+        "flex items-start gap-3 rounded-lg border px-3 py-2 text-sm",
+        kind === "restart"
+          ? "border-amber-200 bg-amber-50 text-amber-900"
+          : "border-yellow-200 bg-yellow-50 text-yellow-900",
+        className,
+      )}
+    >
+      <Icon className="mt-0.5 size-4 shrink-0" />
+      <div className="min-w-0">
+        <p className="font-medium">{title}</p>
+        {description && (
+          <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs/5 opacity-85">{description}</p>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-page.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-page.tsx
index cc1a4624..0b566564 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-page.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-page.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
   setAutoStartEnabled as updateAutoStartEnabled,
   setLauncherConfig as updateLauncherConfig,
 } from "@/api/system"
+import { ConfigChangeNotice } from "@/components/config-change-notice"
 import {
   AgentDefaultsSection,
   CronSection,
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ import {
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header"
 import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge"
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
+import { showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast } from "@/lib/restart-required"
 import { refreshGatewayState } from "@/store/gateway"
 
 export function ConfigPage() {
@@ -334,8 +336,13 @@ export function ConfigPage() {
         queryClient.setQueryData(["system", "autostart"], status)
       }
 
-      toast.success(t("pages.config.save_success"))
-      void refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
+      const gateway = await refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
+      showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast(
+        t,
+        t("pages.config.save_success"),
+        t("navigation.config"),
+        gateway?.restartRequired === true,
+      )
     } catch (err) {
       toast.error(
         err instanceof Error ? err.message : t("pages.config.save_error"),
@@ -433,8 +440,12 @@ export function ConfigPage() {
       {isDirty && (
         <div className="border-border/70 bg-background/95 supports-backdrop-filter:bg-background/80 shrink-0 border-t px-3 py-3 shadow-[0_-12px_30px_rgba(15,23,42,0.10)] backdrop-blur lg:px-6">
           <div className="mx-auto flex w-full max-w-[1000px] flex-col gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:justify-between">
-            <div className="text-muted-foreground/70 text-xs">
-              {t("pages.config.unsaved_changes")}
+            <div className="flex-1">
+              <ConfigChangeNotice
+                kind="save"
+                title={t("common.saveChangesTitle")}
+                description={t("pages.config.unsaved_changes")}
+              />
             </div>
             {actionButtons}
           </div>
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/config/raw-config-page.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/config/raw-config-page.tsx
index f8f98765..c06e5fe4 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/config/raw-config-page.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/config/raw-config-page.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
 
 import { launcherFetch } from "@/api/http"
+import { ConfigChangeNotice } from "@/components/config-change-notice"
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header"
 import {
   AlertDialog,
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/components/ui/alert-dialog"
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
 import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea"
+import { showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast } from "@/lib/restart-required"
 import { refreshGatewayState } from "@/store/gateway"
 
 export function RawConfigPage() {
@@ -49,7 +51,6 @@ export function RawConfigPage() {
       }
     },
     onSuccess: (_, submittedConfig) => {
-      toast.success(t("pages.config.save_success"))
       try {
         const savedConfig = JSON.parse(submittedConfig)
         setLastSavedConfig(savedConfig)
@@ -58,7 +59,14 @@ export function RawConfigPage() {
       } catch {
         queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["config"] })
       }
-      void refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
+      void refreshGatewayState({ force: true }).then((gateway) => {
+        showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast(
+          t,
+          t("pages.config.save_success"),
+          t("navigation.config"),
+          gateway?.restartRequired === true,
+        )
+      })
     },
     onError: () => {
       toast.error(t("pages.config.save_error"))
@@ -141,9 +149,12 @@ export function RawConfigPage() {
           ) : (
             <div className="flex min-h-0 flex-1 flex-col gap-3">
               {isDirty && (
-                <div className="shrink-0 rounded-lg border border-yellow-200 bg-yellow-50 p-2 text-sm text-yellow-700">
-                  {t("pages.config.unsaved_changes")}
-                </div>
+                <ConfigChangeNotice
+                  kind="save"
+                  title={t("common.saveChangesTitle")}
+                  description={t("pages.config.unsaved_changes")}
+                  className="shrink-0"
+                />
               )}
               <div className="relative min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden rounded-lg border shadow-sm">
                 <Textarea
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/models/add-model-sheet.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/models/add-model-sheet.tsx
index a9102aa8..741d9cde 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/models/add-model-sheet.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/models/add-model-sheet.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useEffect, useState } from "react"
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
 
 import { addModel, setDefaultModel } from "@/api/models"
+import { ConfigChangeNotice } from "@/components/config-change-notice"
 import { maskedSecretPlaceholder } from "@/components/secret-placeholder"
 import {
   AdvancedSection,
@@ -21,6 +22,8 @@ import {
   SheetTitle,
 } from "@/components/ui/sheet"
 import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea"
+import { showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast } from "@/lib/restart-required"
+import { refreshGatewayState } from "@/store/gateway"
 
 interface AddForm {
   modelName: string
@@ -83,6 +86,8 @@ export function AddModelSheet({
     form.apiKey,
     t("models.field.apiKeyPlaceholder"),
   )
+  const isDirty =
+    JSON.stringify(form) !== JSON.stringify(EMPTY_ADD_FORM) || setAsDefault
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (open) {
@@ -149,6 +154,13 @@ export function AddModelSheet({
       if (setAsDefault) {
         await setDefaultModel(modelName)
       }
+      const gateway = await refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
+      showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast(
+        t,
+        t("models.add.saveSuccess"),
+        modelName,
+        gateway?.restartRequired === true,
+      )
       onSaved()
       onClose()
     } catch (e) {
@@ -367,10 +379,17 @@ export function AddModelSheet({
         </div>
 
         <SheetFooter className="border-t-muted border-t px-6 py-4">
+          {isDirty && (
+            <ConfigChangeNotice
+              kind="save"
+              title={t("common.saveChangesTitle")}
+              description={t("models.unsavedPrompt")}
+            />
+          )}
           <Button variant="ghost" onClick={onClose} disabled={saving}>
             {t("common.cancel")}
           </Button>
-          <Button onClick={handleSave} disabled={saving}>
+          <Button onClick={handleSave} disabled={!isDirty || saving}>
             {saving && <IconLoader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />}
             {t("models.add.confirm")}
           </Button>
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/models/edit-model-sheet.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/models/edit-model-sheet.tsx
index a56f6732..5102a345 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/models/edit-model-sheet.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/models/edit-model-sheet.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useEffect, useState } from "react"
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
 
 import { type ModelInfo, setDefaultModel, updateModel } from "@/api/models"
+import { ConfigChangeNotice } from "@/components/config-change-notice"
 import { maskedSecretPlaceholder } from "@/components/secret-placeholder"
 import {
   AdvancedSection,
@@ -21,6 +22,8 @@ import {
   SheetTitle,
 } from "@/components/ui/sheet"
 import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea"
+import { showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast } from "@/lib/restart-required"
+import { refreshGatewayState } from "@/store/gateway"
 
 interface EditForm {
   provider: string
@@ -46,6 +49,29 @@ interface EditModelSheetProps {
   onSaved: () => void
 }
 
+function buildInitialEditForm(model: ModelInfo): EditForm {
+  return {
+    provider: model.provider ?? "",
+    modelId: model.model,
+    apiKey: "",
+    apiBase: model.api_base ?? "",
+    proxy: model.proxy ?? "",
+    authMethod: model.auth_method ?? "",
+    connectMode: model.connect_mode ?? "",
+    workspace: model.workspace ?? "",
+    rpm: model.rpm ? String(model.rpm) : "",
+    maxTokensField: model.max_tokens_field ?? "",
+    requestTimeout: model.request_timeout ? String(model.request_timeout) : "",
+    thinkingLevel: model.thinking_level ?? "",
+    extraBody: model.extra_body
+      ? JSON.stringify(model.extra_body, null, 2)
+      : "",
+    customHeaders: model.custom_headers
+      ? JSON.stringify(model.custom_headers, null, 2)
+      : "",
+  }
+}
+
 export function EditModelSheet({
   model,
   open,
@@ -72,31 +98,15 @@ export function EditModelSheet({
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false)
   const [setAsDefault, setSetAsDefault] = useState(false)
   const [error, setError] = useState("")
+  const initialForm = model ? buildInitialEditForm(model) : null
+  const isDirty =
+    model != null &&
+    (JSON.stringify(form) !== JSON.stringify(initialForm) ||
+      setAsDefault !== model.is_default)
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (model) {
-      setForm({
-        provider: model.provider ?? "",
-        modelId: model.model,
-        apiKey: "",
-        apiBase: model.api_base ?? "",
-        proxy: model.proxy ?? "",
-        authMethod: model.auth_method ?? "",
-        connectMode: model.connect_mode ?? "",
-        workspace: model.workspace ?? "",
-        rpm: model.rpm ? String(model.rpm) : "",
-        maxTokensField: model.max_tokens_field ?? "",
-        requestTimeout: model.request_timeout
-          ? String(model.request_timeout)
-          : "",
-        thinkingLevel: model.thinking_level ?? "",
-        extraBody: model.extra_body
-          ? JSON.stringify(model.extra_body, null, 2)
-          : "",
-        customHeaders: model.custom_headers
-          ? JSON.stringify(model.custom_headers, null, 2)
-          : "",
-      })
+      setForm(buildInitialEditForm(model))
       setSetAsDefault(model.is_default)
       setError("")
     }
@@ -142,6 +152,13 @@ export function EditModelSheet({
       if (setAsDefault && !model.is_default) {
         await setDefaultModel(model.model_name)
       }
+      const gateway = await refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
+      showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast(
+        t,
+        t("models.edit.saveSuccess"),
+        model.model_name,
+        gateway?.restartRequired === true,
+      )
       onSaved()
       onClose()
     } catch (e) {
@@ -359,10 +376,17 @@ export function EditModelSheet({
         </div>
 
         <SheetFooter className="border-t-muted border-t px-6 py-4">
+          {isDirty && (
+            <ConfigChangeNotice
+              kind="save"
+              title={t("common.saveChangesTitle")}
+              description={t("models.unsavedPrompt")}
+            />
+          )}
           <Button variant="ghost" onClick={onClose} disabled={saving}>
             {t("common.cancel")}
           </Button>
-          <Button onClick={handleSave} disabled={saving}>
+          <Button onClick={handleSave} disabled={!isDirty || saving}>
             {saving && <IconLoader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />}
             {t("common.save")}
           </Button>
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/models/models-page.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/models/models-page.tsx
index 173b332f..152c4758 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/models/models-page.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/models/models-page.tsx
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import { IconLoader2, IconPlus, IconStar } from "@tabler/icons-react"
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from "react"
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
+import { toast } from "sonner"
 
 import { type ModelInfo, getModels, setDefaultModel } from "@/api/models"
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header"
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
+import { showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast } from "@/lib/restart-required"
+import { refreshGatewayState } from "@/store/gateway"
 
 import { AddModelSheet } from "./add-model-sheet"
 import { DeleteModelDialog } from "./delete-model-dialog"
@@ -95,8 +98,15 @@ export function ModelsPage() {
     try {
       await setDefaultModel(model.model_name)
       await fetchModels()
-    } catch {
-      // ignore
+      const gateway = await refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
+      showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast(
+        t,
+        t("models.defaultChangeSuccess"),
+        model.model_name,
+        gateway?.restartRequired === true,
+      )
+    } catch (e) {
+      toast.error(e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("models.loadError"))
     } finally {
       setSettingDefaultIndex(null)
     }
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/hooks/use-chat-models.ts b/web/frontend/src/hooks/use-chat-models.ts
index 17cfba00..337bea8d 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/hooks/use-chat-models.ts
+++ b/web/frontend/src/hooks/use-chat-models.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react"
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
+import { toast } from "sonner"
 
 import { type ModelInfo, getModels, setDefaultModel } from "@/api/models"
+import { showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast } from "@/lib/restart-required"
+import { refreshGatewayState } from "@/store/gateway"
 
 interface UseChatModelsOptions {
   isConnected: boolean
@@ -18,6 +22,7 @@ function isLocalModel(model: ModelInfo): boolean {
 }
 
 export function useChatModels({ isConnected }: UseChatModelsOptions) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
   const [modelList, setModelList] = useState<ModelInfo[]>([])
   const [defaultModelName, setDefaultModelName] = useState("")
   const setDefaultRequestIdRef = useRef(0)
@@ -58,11 +63,19 @@ export function useChatModels({ isConnected }: UseChatModelsOptions) {
         if (data.models.some((m) => m.model_name === data.default_model)) {
           setDefaultModelName(data.default_model)
         }
+        const gateway = await refreshGatewayState({ force: true })
+        showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast(
+          t,
+          t("models.defaultChangeSuccess"),
+          modelName,
+          gateway?.restartRequired === true,
+        )
       } catch (err) {
         console.error("Failed to set default model:", err)
+        toast.error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : t("models.loadError"))
       }
     },
-    [defaultModelName],
+    [defaultModelName, t],
   )
 
   const hasAvailableModels = useMemo(
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.json b/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.json
index a30dc047..75a17e79 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.json
+++ b/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.json
@@ -132,7 +132,10 @@
     "save": "Save",
     "saving": "Saving...",
     "reset": "Reset",
-    "confirm": "Confirm"
+    "confirm": "Confirm",
+    "saveChangesTitle": "You have unsaved configuration changes",
+    "restartRequiredTitle": "Gateway restart required",
+    "restartRequiredDesc": "The latest {{name}} configuration has been saved. Restart the gateway for it to take effect."
   },
   "labels": {
     "loading": "Loading..."
@@ -210,6 +213,9 @@
   },
   "models": {
     "description": "Configure API keys for AI providers. Only configured models are available for chat.",
+    "defaultChangeSuccess": "Default model updated.",
+    "unsavedPrompt": "This change has not been saved yet. Save to write it into the model configuration.",
+    "restartHint": "Model configuration changes take effect after the gateway restarts.",
     "loadError": "Failed to load models",
     "noDefaultHintPrefix": "No default model set yet. Click",
     "noDefaultHintSuffix": "to set one.",
@@ -253,6 +259,7 @@
       "errorRequired": "This field is required.",
       "errorDuplicateModelName": "Model alias already exists. Please use a different name.",
       "saveError": "Failed to add model",
+      "saveSuccess": "Model added.",
       "confirm": "Add Model"
     },
     "delete": {
@@ -296,7 +303,8 @@
       "title": "Configure {{name}}",
       "apiKeyHint": "A key is already set. Leave blank to keep it unchanged.",
       "oauthNote": "This provider uses OAuth — no API key required.",
-      "saveError": "Failed to save"
+      "saveError": "Failed to save",
+      "saveSuccess": "Model configuration saved."
     }
   },
   "channels": {
@@ -382,6 +390,7 @@
       "notFound": "Channel \"{{name}}\" is not supported.",
       "saveSuccess": "Channel configuration saved.",
       "saveError": "Failed to save channel configuration",
+      "savePrompt": "This change has not been saved yet. Save to write it into the channel configuration.",
       "docLink": "Documentation",
       "enableLabel": "Enable channel",
       "restartRequiredTitle": "Gateway restart required",
@@ -555,6 +564,7 @@
         "web_search": {
           "title": "Web Search",
           "description": "Provide web search capability for agents to find the latest real-world info. Automatically routes to the optimal active provider.",
+          "unsaved_prompt": "This change has not been saved yet. Save to write it into the Web Search configuration.",
           "global_settings": "General",
           "providers_config": "Integrations",
           "load_error": "Failed to load web search configuration.",
@@ -673,6 +683,7 @@
       "server_port": "Service Port",
       "server_port_hint": "HTTP port used by PicoClaw Web.",
       "launcher_section_hint": "Changes in this section take effect after the launcher restarts.",
+      "gateway_restart_hint": "Changes in this section take effect after the gateway restarts.",
       "dashboard_password": "Login Password",
       "dashboard_password_hint": "Set a new login password.",
       "dashboard_password_placeholder": "At least 8 characters",
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.json b/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.json
index efe3dc32..0a140605 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.json
+++ b/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.json
@@ -132,7 +132,10 @@
     "save": "保存",
     "saving": "保存中...",
     "reset": "重置",
-    "confirm": "确认"
+    "confirm": "确认",
+    "saveChangesTitle": "有未保存的配置更改",
+    "restartRequiredTitle": "需要重启服务",
+    "restartRequiredDesc": "{{name}} 的最新配置已保存。重启服务后才能正式生效。"
   },
   "labels": {
     "loading": "加载中..."
@@ -210,6 +213,9 @@
   },
   "models": {
     "description": "为 AI 服务商配置 API Key。只有已配置的模型可用于对话。",
+    "defaultChangeSuccess": "默认模型已更新。",
+    "unsavedPrompt": "当前修改尚未保存，保存后才会写入模型配置。",
+    "restartHint": "模型配置保存后需要重启服务才能生效。",
     "loadError": "加载模型列表失败",
     "noDefaultHintPrefix": "尚未设置默认模型，点击",
     "noDefaultHintSuffix": "设为默认。",
@@ -253,6 +259,7 @@
       "errorRequired": "此字段为必填项。",
       "errorDuplicateModelName": "模型别名已存在，请使用其他名称。",
       "saveError": "添加模型失败",
+      "saveSuccess": "模型已添加。",
       "confirm": "添加模型"
     },
     "delete": {
@@ -296,7 +303,8 @@
       "title": "配置 {{name}}",
       "apiKeyHint": "已设置 API Key，留空表示不修改。",
       "oauthNote": "该服务商使用 OAuth 认证，无需 API Key。",
-      "saveError": "保存失败"
+      "saveError": "保存失败",
+      "saveSuccess": "模型配置已保存。"
     }
   },
   "channels": {
@@ -382,6 +390,7 @@
       "notFound": "不支持频道“{{name}}”。",
       "saveSuccess": "频道配置已保存。",
       "saveError": "保存频道配置失败",
+      "savePrompt": "当前修改尚未保存，点击保存后才会写入频道配置。",
       "docLink": "配置文档",
       "enableLabel": "启用频道",
       "restartRequiredTitle": "需要重启服务",
@@ -555,6 +564,7 @@
         "web_search": {
           "title": "网页搜索",
           "description": "为智能体提供网页搜索能力。自动路由到当前处于激活状态的最佳服务。",
+          "unsaved_prompt": "当前修改尚未保存，点击保存后才会写入 Web Search 配置。",
           "global_settings": "常规",
           "providers_config": "集成",
           "load_error": "加载 Web Search 配置失败。",
@@ -673,6 +683,7 @@
       "server_port": "服务端口",
       "server_port_hint": "PicoClaw Web 的 HTTP 监听端口",
       "launcher_section_hint": "此分组中的改动需要在重启 launcher 后生效",
+      "gateway_restart_hint": "这组配置保存后，需要重启服务才能正式生效。",
       "dashboard_password": "登录密码",
       "dashboard_password_hint": "设置新的登录密码",
       "dashboard_password_placeholder": "至少 8 个字符",
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/lib/restart-required.ts b/web/frontend/src/lib/restart-required.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1fad2894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/frontend/src/lib/restart-required.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import type { TFunction } from "i18next"
+import { toast } from "sonner"
+
+export function showRestartRequiredToast(t: TFunction, name: string) {
+  toast.warning(t("common.restartRequiredTitle"), {
+    description: t("common.restartRequiredDesc", { name }),
+  })
+}
+
+export function showSaveSuccessOrRestartToast(
+  t: TFunction,
+  savedMessage: string,
+  name: string,
+  restartRequired: boolean,
+) {
+  if (restartRequired) {
+    showRestartRequiredToast(t, name)
+    return
+  }
+  toast.success(savedMessage)
+}
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/store/gateway.ts b/web/frontend/src/store/gateway.ts
index 5bf6f389..96f481e7 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/store/gateway.ts
+++ b/web/frontend/src/store/gateway.ts
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ export async function refreshGatewayState(
     if (options.force) {
       return refreshGatewayState()
     }
-    return
+    return getDefaultStore().get(gatewayAtom)
   }
 
   gatewayPollingRequest = (async () => {
@@ -195,6 +195,8 @@ export async function refreshGatewayState(
       gatewayPollingTimer = null
     }
   }
+
+  return getDefaultStore().get(gatewayAtom)
 }
 
 export function subscribeGatewayPolling() {